Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss among older adults. Although it can develop gradually without noticeable symptoms, regular comprehensive eye exams can help detect early changes and protect long-term eye health. Understanding the condition, its warning signs, and available treatment options is an important step toward preserving your vision.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye condition that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. Damage to this area can make everyday activities such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces more difficult. Macular degeneration primarily affects central vision. Peripheral vision usually remains intact, meaning the condition does not typically cause complete blindness.

There are two main types of age-related macular degeneration:

• Dry Macular Degeneration: The most common form, dry AMD involves gradual changes to the macula, including deposits called drusen and thinning of retinal tissue. It can progress through early, intermediate, and late stages.

• Wet Macular Degeneration: This less common but more aggressive form develops when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood. Wet AMD can cause rapid central vision loss and requires prompt treatment.

Who Is at Risk for Macular Degeneration?

The risk of developing macular degeneration increases with age, particularly after 55. Additional risk factors include family history, smoking, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol. While some risk factors cannot be controlled, avoiding smoking, maintaining cardiovascular health, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet may help reduce the risk of AMD progression.